The ukulele, a beloved instrument known for its bright and cheerful sound, comes in several sizes, each with its unique characteristics and standard tunings. Among these, the baritone ukulele stands out due to its distinct tuning, which sets it apart from the more common soprano, concert, and tenor ukuleles. Understanding the standard tuning for a baritone ukulele, how it compares to other ukuleles, and the process for tuning it correctly is essential for anyone looking to master this versatile instrument.
Standard Tuning for a Baritone Ukulele
The standard tuning for a baritone ukulele is D-G-B-E, from the top string to the bottom string. This tuning is a major departure from the G-C-E-A tuning used for soprano, concert, and tenor ukuleles. The D-G-B-E tuning is akin to the top four strings of a guitar, which not only changes the sound profile of the instrument but also affects the playing style and chord shapes.
The baritone ukulele’s tuning allows for a deeper, richer sound, making it a favorite for those who enjoy fingerpicking and playing melodies that require a fuller range of tones. This tuning provides a more bass-heavy sound compared to the brighter and more percussive sound of the smaller ukuleles, adding versatility to the ukulele family.
Comparison with Other Ukuleles
To appreciate the uniqueness of the baritone ukulele, it’s important to understand how it compares to its smaller relatives. The soprano, concert, and tenor ukuleles are all commonly tuned to G-C-E-A. This tuning gives these ukuleles their characteristic bright and cheerful sound, making them ideal for strumming chords and playing upbeat music.
In contrast, the baritone ukulele’s D-G-B-E tuning closely mirrors the tuning of the top four strings of a guitar (E-A-D-G-B-E), minus the low E and A strings. This similarity makes it easier for guitar players to transition to the baritone ukulele, as the chord shapes and finger positions remain the same. The baritone’s tuning also allows for more complex chord voicings and a wider range of musical expression, making it suitable for jazz, classical, and fingerstyle music.
SEE ALSO: Soprano Ukulele Tuning
Tuning Process
Tuning a baritone ukulele correctly is crucial for achieving the best sound and playability. Here is a step-by-step guide to tuning a baritone ukulele to its standard D-G-B-E tuning:
1. Start with the Lowest String (D)
Begin by tuning the fourth string (the top string when holding the ukulele in playing position) to a D note. You can use a reference note from a keyboard, tuning fork, or an electronic tuner. Pluck the string and adjust the tuning peg until the pitch matches the D note.
2. Tune the Third String (G)
Next, move to the third string and tune it to a G note. You can use a tuner or match it to the G note from a reference instrument. Adjust the tension of the string until it matches the G pitch.
3. Tune the Second String (B)
The second string should be tuned to a B note. Again, use a reference note or an electronic tuner. Pluck the string and turn the tuning peg until the pitch matches the B note.
4. Tune the First String (E)
Finally, tune the first string (the bottom string when holding the ukulele) to an E note. Use your reference instrument or tuner to ensure accuracy. Pluck the string and adjust the tension until it matches the E pitch.
By following these steps, you can ensure your baritone ukulele is tuned accurately to D-G-B-E, ready for playing.
Alternative Tunings
While the D-G-B-E tuning is standard for baritone ukuleles, there are alternative tunings that some players use to achieve different sounds and styles:
1. Pineapple Tuning
One popular alternative is the “pineapple tuning,” which tunes the baritone ukulele to G-C-E-A, similar to the smaller ukuleles. This can be achieved by using a set of special strings designed for this tuning. While it allows baritone players to use familiar chord shapes from soprano, concert, and tenor ukuleles, the instrument’s deeper body still provides a richer sound.
2. Open Tunings
Open tunings, such as open G (D-G-B-D) or open D (D-A-D-F#), are used by some players to facilitate easier chord shapes and slide playing. These tunings can create unique resonances and are often used in folk and blues music.
3. Low Re-entrant Tunings
Some players prefer a low re-entrant tuning, which involves tuning the fourth string an octave lower than standard. This tuning gives a fuller sound and is sometimes used for fingerstyle playing.
Common Chords and Scale
Understanding common chords and the scale associated with the baritone ukulele is crucial for effective playing. Here are some basic chords in D-G-B-E tuning:
C Major: 0003 (frets: open, open, open, third)
G Major: 0232 (frets: open, second, third, second)
D Major: 2220 (frets: second, second, second, open)
E Minor: 0432 (frets: open, fourth, third, second)
A Minor: 2000 (frets: second, open, open, open)
Major Scale in D-G-B-E Tuning
A simple major scale on the baritone ukulele in the key of C can be played as follows on the D string:
C Major Scale (D String): D (0), E (2), F (3), G (5), A (7), B (9), C (10)
Practicing these scales and chords will help you become more comfortable with the baritone ukulele’s tuning and expand your musical capabilities.
Conclusion
The baritone ukulele, with its unique D-G-B-E tuning, offers a distinct sound that sets it apart from the smaller soprano, concert, and tenor ukuleles. Its tuning, similar to the top four strings of a guitar, makes it an excellent choice for guitar players and those seeking a deeper, richer ukulele tone. By understanding how to tune it properly and exploring alternative tunings and chords, players can fully appreciate the versatility and musical potential of the baritone ukulele. Whether you’re strumming along to your favorite songs or exploring complex fingerstyle pieces, the baritone ukulele provides a rewarding and enjoyable musical experience.
