The term “big violin” often arises in discussions about string instruments, particularly among those less familiar with the specific names and characteristics of these instruments. In musical parlance, a “big violin” typically refers to either a cello or a double bass. Both of these instruments belong to the violin family but differ significantly in size, sound, and playing technique from the standard violin. This article explores the nuances of these larger string instruments, providing a comprehensive understanding of their definition, size comparison, sound and pitch range, uses, playing techniques, selection guide, and maintenance.
What is a “Big Violin”?
A “big violin” can be commonly identified as either a cello or a double bass. These instruments, while similar in design and belonging to the same family as the violin, differ in size and pitch range.
Cello: The cello, also known as the violoncello, is a bowed string instrument with a pitch range lower than the violin but higher than the double bass. It is typically played while seated, with the instrument supported by an endpin on the floor.
Double Bass: The double bass, often simply called the bass, is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed string instrument. It can be played while standing or seated on a high stool, with the instrument resting on the floor.
Size Comparison
Understanding the size differences between the violin, cello, and double bass is crucial for appreciating their roles and the physical demands they place on musicians.
Violin: The violin is the smallest of the three, typically measuring about 23.5 to 24 inches in total length, with a body length of around 14 inches. It is lightweight and held between the chin and shoulder.
Cello: The cello is significantly larger than the violin, with a total length of approximately 47.25 inches and a body length of about 30 inches. It requires the musician to sit down and hold the instrument between the knees, supported by an endpin.
Double Bass: The double bass is the largest, with a total height ranging from 71 to 75 inches and a body length of around 43 to 45 inches. It is much heavier and requires the player to either stand or sit on a stool, with the instrument standing on the floor.
Sound and Pitch Range
The sound and pitch range of the cello and double bass are distinct, contributing to their specific roles in musical compositions and ensembles.
Violin: The violin has a bright, high-pitched sound, with a pitch range from G3 (196 Hz) to A7 (3520 Hz). It is known for its versatility and ability to produce fast, intricate passages.
Cello: The cello produces a rich, warm sound that spans a wide range, from C2 (65.4 Hz) to A5 (880 Hz). Its lower pitch and deeper tone make it ideal for playing both melodic lines and bass accompaniment in orchestral and chamber music.
Double Bass: The double bass has the lowest pitch range, from E1 (41.2 Hz) to G4 (392 Hz). Its deep, resonant sound provides the foundation for the harmonic structure in ensembles, particularly in orchestras and jazz bands.
Uses
The cello and double bass each play unique and essential roles in various musical settings, from orchestras to solo performances.
Cello: In orchestras, the cello section often plays a dual role, providing both harmonic support and melodic content. The cello is prominent in chamber music, such as string quartets and piano trios, where its ability to blend and stand out is equally valued. Solo cello repertoire is extensive, showcasing the instrument’s expressive capabilities and technical range.
Double Bass: The double bass is the backbone of the string section in orchestras, underpinning the harmonic structure and providing rhythmic drive. In jazz ensembles, it is central to the rhythm section, often played pizzicato (plucked) to maintain the beat and harmonic progression. The double bass also features in solo and chamber music, though its solo repertoire is less extensive than that of the cello.
Playing Technique
The techniques for playing the cello and double bass differ significantly from those of the violin, particularly in terms of posture, bowing, and finger placement.
Violin: Played while standing or sitting with the instrument held between the chin and shoulder. The left hand presses the strings to change pitches, while the right hand controls the bow or plucks the strings.
Cello: The cellist sits with the instrument between their knees, using an endpin for support. The left hand navigates a larger fingerboard, requiring a different hand position and wider finger spacing than the violin. Bowing techniques are similar but adapted to the larger size and different angle of the strings.
Double Bass: The bassist can play standing or sitting on a high stool. The left hand faces a much larger fingerboard, necessitating greater hand strength and precise finger spacing. Bowing is heavier, and the technique varies slightly between classical and jazz playing, particularly in the use of the German or French bow grips.
SEE ALSO: What Makes Stradivarius Violins so Special?
Selection Guide
Choosing between a violin, cello, and double bass depends on various factors, including the player’s physical characteristics, musical preferences, and intended use.
Violin: Suitable for those who prefer a versatile, high-pitched instrument that is relatively easy to handle and transport. It is ideal for players interested in fast, intricate music and a wide range of genres.
Cello: A good choice for those who appreciate a rich, warm sound and are comfortable playing a larger instrument. The cello’s versatility in both melodic and harmonic roles makes it attractive for a broad range of musical styles, including solo, chamber, and orchestral music.
Double Bass: Best for players who are physically capable of handling its size and weight, and who are drawn to the deep, resonant tones that underpin musical ensembles. It is particularly suited for those interested in jazz, orchestral, or rhythm section roles.
Maintenance and Care
Maintaining larger string instruments like the cello and double bass requires special attention to ensure their longevity and sound quality.
Violin: Regular maintenance includes cleaning the instrument after playing, ensuring proper string tension, and periodic professional servicing. The small size makes it relatively easy to transport and store.
Cello: Requires more effort to maintain due to its size. Regular cleaning, careful handling of the endpin, and ensuring safe transport in a sturdy case are essential. Humidity control is also important to prevent wood damage.
Double Bass: Maintenance is more demanding due to its size and weight. This includes regular cleaning, careful handling during transport, and proper storage to avoid damage. Humidity and temperature control are crucial to prevent cracking or warping of the wood.
Conclusion
Understanding the differences between the violin, cello, and double bass is essential for musicians and enthusiasts alike. Each instrument brings unique characteristics, roles, and challenges to the world of music. While the cello and double bass may be referred to as “big violins,” their distinct sounds, techniques, and uses set them apart in the string family.
By exploring the physical demands, air support requirements, playing techniques, and maintenance needs of these instruments, players can make informed decisions about which instrument best suits their needs and preferences. Whether one chooses the versatile violin, the rich-toned cello, or the foundational double bass, each instrument offers a unique and rewarding musical journey.
