What Is a 10 String Guitar Called?

A 10-string guitar is a unique and less common variant of the traditional guitar. It offers a broader range of tonal possibilities and expanded musical capabilities. In this article, we will explore various aspects of the 10-string guitar, including its name, construction, tuning, playing techniques, and its place in different musical genres.

The Name: The 10-String Guitar

The most straightforward name for this instrument is simply the “10-string guitar.” This name clearly indicates the number of strings it possesses, which is the main distinguishing feature. Unlike the standard 6-string guitar, the additional four strings allow for more complex chord voicings and a wider melodic range. It is sometimes also referred to as a “decacoustic guitar” when it is an acoustic version, with “deca-” meaning ten in Greek.

Construction Differences

Body Shape and Size

The body of a 10-string guitar may vary in shape and size. Some are similar to traditional acoustic guitar bodies, while others might have a more unique or modified design. The larger body size is often to accommodate the additional string tension and to enhance the resonance. For example, a dreadnought-style 10-string guitar can provide a powerful and rich sound due to its large cavity.

Neck and Fretboard

The neck of a 10-string guitar is usually wider than that of a 6-string guitar. This is necessary to provide enough space for the additional strings to be properly spaced and for the player’s fingers to comfortably reach and manipulate them. The fretboard may also have a different radius or curvature to ensure optimal playability across all ten strings.

Tuning Systems

Standard Tuning

One common tuning for a 10-string guitar is similar to the standard 6-string guitar tuning, but with additional strings. The lower four strings are often tuned in the same way as a standard guitar (E, A, D, G), and then there are additional strings tuned to higher pitches. For instance, the next three strings might be tuned to B, E, and A, and the highest string could be tuned to D. This tuning allows for a seamless transition for players who are familiar with the 6-string guitar while also providing new harmonic and melodic options.

Alternative Tunings

There are also various alternative tunings that can be used on a 10-string guitar. Some players might tune all the strings in a more uniform pattern, such as in fifths like a mandolin or violin. This tuning can create a very different tonal quality and open up new avenues for improvisation and composition. Another alternative tuning could involve tuning the additional strings to create chord inversions or to emphasize certain musical modes.

Playing Techniques

Fingerstyle

Fingerstyle playing on a 10-string guitar can be a rewarding but challenging technique. The player uses the fingers of the right hand to pluck the strings individually or in combinations. With ten strings, there are more opportunities for creating complex arpeggios and intricate melodic lines. The thumb can be used to play the lower strings, while the fingers handle the higher ones, allowing for a rich and textured sound.

Strumming

Strumming on a 10-string guitar requires a bit more control compared to a 6-string. The player has to ensure that all the strings are strummed evenly and that the sound is balanced. It is possible to create powerful and full chords with the additional strings, adding a unique depth to the overall sound. However, it takes practice to avoid accidentally muting or overemphasizing certain strings during strumming.

Musical Genres and the 10-String Guitar

Classical and Fingerstyle Music

In classical and fingerstyle music, the 10-string guitar can add a new dimension. Composers and performers can use it to create elaborate arrangements that would be difficult or impossible with a 6-string guitar. The additional strings can be used to mimic the sound of a lute or other plucked string instruments, bringing a touch of historical and Renaissance music flavors to modern compositions.

Folk and World Music

In folk and world music, the 10-string guitar can adapt to different cultural musical styles. For example, in Brazilian music, it can be used to play rhythms and melodies inspired by the bossa nova or samba traditions. The extra strings can provide a fuller accompaniment or add decorative flourishes to the music, enhancing the overall ethnic and cultural feel of the performance.

Conclusion

The 10-string guitar, whether called simply that or by other names like “decacoustic guitar,” is a fascinating instrument with unique construction, tuning options, playing techniques, and a place in various musical genres. It offers musicians a chance to expand their creative horizons and explore new sonic landscapes.

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