The standard tuning for a 6-string guitar is E-A-D-G-B-E, from the lowest (6th) string to the highest (1st) string. This tuning is the most commonly used in a variety of musical genres, including rock, blues, pop, and classical. It provides a versatile foundation for playing chords, scales, and melodies, making it an essential part of a guitarist’s skill set.
Standard Tuning for a 6-String Guitar
Standard tuning is structured to allow for a broad range of musical possibilities while maintaining an ergonomic hand position for the player. The notes from the lowest (6th) string to the highest (1st) string are as follows:
- 6th String: E (the thickest string)
- 5th String: A
- 4th String: D
- 3rd String: G
- 2nd String: B
- 1st String: E (the thinnest string)
This configuration allows for easy access to common chords and scales, and it’s the tuning method most guitarists learn first. Each string is tuned to a specific pitch, which corresponds to notes in the musical scale, and the intervals between these strings are mostly perfect fourths, with the exception of the major third interval between the G (3rd) and B (2nd) strings.
Tuning Methods
1. Using a Tuner
One of the most reliable and convenient ways to tune a guitar is by using an electronic tuner. These devices can accurately detect the pitch of each string and guide you to the correct tuning.
Turn on the Tuner: Make sure it is set to “Guitar” mode if it has multiple settings.
Pluck the 6th String (E): Adjust the tuning peg until the tuner indicates that the string is in tune. The display usually shows a needle or a series of lights.
Repeat for Each String: Follow the same process for the 5th (A), 4th (D), 3rd (G), 2nd (B), and 1st (E) strings.
2. Tuning by Ear
Tuning by ear requires a good sense of pitch but can be very effective once you are accustomed to it. It often involves tuning the guitar to itself, ensuring that the intervals between strings are correct.
Reference Note: Start by tuning the 6th string (E) to a reference pitch, such as a tuning fork, piano, or another instrument.
5th Fret Method: Press the 5th fret of the 6th string (A) and adjust the 5th string (A) to match this pitch.
Repeat for Each String:
- Press the 5th fret of the 5th string (D) and tune the 4th string (D) to match.
- Press the 5th fret of the 4th string (G) and tune the 3rd string (G) to match.
- Press the 4th fret of the 3rd string (B) and tune the 2nd string (B) to match.
- Press the 5th fret of the 2nd string (E) and tune the 1st string (E) to match.
3. Using a Tuning App
With the advent of smartphones, tuning apps have become a popular choice for many guitarists. These apps are often free and provide visual feedback to help you tune accurately.
Download a Tuning App: There are many available on app stores, such as GuitarTuna or Fender Tune.
Open the App: Select the standard tuning mode.
Pluck Each String: Follow the on-screen instructions, adjusting the tuning pegs until each string is in tune according to the app.
Step-by-Step Guide to Tuning Each String
1. E (6th String)
Identify the 6th String: The thickest string.
Pluck the String: Use your pick or fingers.
Adjust the Tuning Peg: Tighten (turn clockwise) to raise the pitch or loosen (turn counterclockwise) to lower the pitch until the tuner indicates E.
2. A (5th String)
Pluck the 5th String: Slightly thinner than the 6th string.
Adjust the Peg: As before, tighten or loosen until the tuner shows A.
3. D (4th String)
Pluck the 4th String: Noticeably thinner than the 5th string.
Adjust the Peg: Tighten or loosen to reach D.
4. G (3rd String)
Pluck the 3rd String: Thinner yet.
Adjust the Peg: Tune it to G by tightening or loosening.
5. B (2nd String)
Pluck the 2nd String: One of the thinnest strings.
Adjust the Peg: Ensure it matches B.
6. E (1st String)
Pluck the 1st String: The thinnest string.
Adjust the Peg: Tune it to high E.
Tuning Tips
1. Checking Tuning in Different Positions
After tuning each string, it’s important to check the tuning at different positions on the fretboard. This ensures that the guitar is properly intonated and that the tuning holds across different notes.
Play Open Strings: Ensure each string sounds correct.
Play 12th Fret Harmonics: This can reveal discrepancies in tuning.
Play Octaves and Fifths: Compare these intervals up and down the neck to check for consistency.
2. Rechecking After String Stretching
New strings or strings that haven’t been stretched properly can go out of tune quickly. After tuning, stretch the strings by gently pulling them away from the fretboard and retuning them. Repeat this process a few times until the strings hold their pitch.
SEE ALSO: What Pick to Use for Acoustic Guitar?
Troubleshooting Common Issues
1. Strings Going Out of Tune Quickly
If your guitar goes out of tune quickly, consider the following solutions:
Stretch the Strings: As mentioned, new strings need to be properly stretched.
Check the Nut and Bridge: Ensure there are no obstructions or sharp edges that might cause tuning instability.
Locking Tuners: Consider using locking tuners to help maintain stable tuning.
2. Intonation Problems
If your guitar sounds in tune at some frets but not others, it might need an intonation adjustment. This can be done by adjusting the saddles on the bridge.
3. Environmental Factors
Temperature and humidity can affect your guitar’s tuning. Keep your guitar in a stable environment and use a case humidifier if necessary.
Maintenance Advice
Proper String Winding: When changing strings, ensure they are wound properly around the tuning pegs. Wind the string around the peg several times, keeping the coils neat and tight. This helps maintain tension and prevents slipping.
Neck Adjustment: The neck of the guitar can bow or warp due to changes in humidity or tension from the strings. Adjusting the truss rod can help keep the neck straight and the guitar in tune. However, this should be done carefully, and it may be best to consult a professional if you are unsure.
Regular Cleaning: Dirt and grime can build up on the strings and fretboard, affecting tuning stability and sound quality. Regularly clean your strings and fretboard with appropriate cleaners to maintain their condition.
Alternative Tunings
While standard tuning is the most common, many guitarists explore alternative tunings to achieve different sounds and play styles. Some popular alternative tunings include:
Drop D Tuning: Lower the 6th string from E to D, resulting in D-A-D-G-B-E. This tuning is popular in rock and metal for its heavy, powerful sound.
Open G Tuning: Tune the guitar to D-G-D-G-B-D. This tuning is often used in blues and slide guitar for its resonant, open chord sound.
DADGAD Tuning: D-A-D-G-A-D is a popular tuning in folk and Celtic music, providing a droning, modal sound.
Half-Step Down Tuning: Each string is tuned down one half step: Eb-Ab-Db-Gb-Bb-Eb. This tuning is common in rock and blues, offering a slightly lower pitch and different tonal quality.
Open E Tuning: Tune the guitar to E-B-E-G#-B-E. This is often used for slide guitar and provides a bright, open chord sound.
Alternate Tunings in Jazz and Classical Music: Jazz and classical guitarists often use tunings like D-G-D-G-B-E or D-G-D-G-A-D for specific compositions that require unique voicings or extended range.
Conclusion
Understanding and mastering standard tuning is fundamental for any guitarist. Whether you use a tuner, tune by ear, or prefer a tuning app, maintaining accurate tuning is essential for good sound and performance. By following the steps and tips outlined in this article, you can ensure your guitar remains in tune and ready to play. Additionally, exploring alternative tunings can open up new creative possibilities and enhance your musical repertoire.
With regular maintenance and a solid understanding of tuning methods, your guitar will stay in optimal playing condition, allowing you to focus on making music. Happy playing!
