The world of ukuleles is rich and diverse, offering a variety of sizes, tunings, and string configurations. Among these, the 6-string ukulele stands out for its unique sound and historical significance. Commonly known as the “liliʻu,” this instrument has a special place in the hearts of many musicians and enthusiasts. This article delves into the name and origin of the 6-string ukulele, its tuning, purpose and sound, and highlights some famous songs and artists associated with this intriguing instrument.
What Is a 6-String Ukulele Called?
The 6-string ukulele, often referred to as a “liliʻu,” holds a distinct place in the history of Hawaiian music. The term “liliʻu” is derived from the name of Queen Liliʻuokalani, the last reigning monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi. This naming was part of an effort to honor her legacy and commemorate a significant moment in Hawaiian history.
Pioneering the Liliʻu
The 6-string ukulele was pioneered by Sam Kamaka Jr. in 1959. This was a momentous year for Hawaiʻi as it marked its admission into the United States as the 50th state. Kamaka Jr., a renowned ukulele maker, introduced the liliʻu to celebrate this milestone and pay homage to Queen Liliʻuokalani. His innovation added a new dimension to the traditional ukulele, creating a richer and more complex sound.
Queen Liliʻuokalani
Queen Liliʻuokalani was not only a monarch but also a prolific composer and musician. Her contributions to Hawaiian music are profound, and the naming of the 6-string ukulele in her honor is a testament to her enduring influence. The liliʻu serves as a bridge between Hawaiian history and contemporary musical expression, embodying the spirit and cultural heritage of the islands.
Tuning
One of the defining features of the 6-string ukulele is its tuning. While it shares some similarities with the traditional 4-string ukulele, the addition of two extra strings creates a distinctive sound and playing experience.
Standard Tuning
6-string ukuleles are typically tuned to the same notes as traditional 4-string ukuleles: G, C, E, and A. However, the C and A strings are doubled, adding complexity and depth to the instrument’s sound.
Doubling the Strings
The C and A strings on a 6-string ukulele are paired in a specific way:
The second C string is usually an octave higher than the standard C string. This creates a harmonic contrast that enriches the overall tone.
The second A string can either be identical to the standard A string or an octave lower. This variation allows for additional tonal variety and versatility in playing.
Tuning Variations
The doubled strings on a 6-string ukulele can be tuned in different ways to achieve unique effects. Some players might experiment with alternative tunings to suit specific musical styles or personal preferences. This flexibility makes the liliʻu a versatile instrument capable of adapting to various genres and performance contexts.
Purpose and Sound
The primary purpose of having 6 strings on a ukulele is to produce a fuller, more textured sound. This enhancement is particularly beneficial for musicians looking to add depth and richness to their performances or recordings.
Fuller Sound
The doubled strings create a sound that is often described as fuller and busier compared to a standard 4-string ukulele. This is akin to having two ukuleles playing simultaneously, providing a layered and intricate auditory experience.
Robust Texture
The additional strings on the liliʻu contribute to a robust texture that can fill out a solo performance or add complexity to an ensemble. This makes the 6-string ukulele a valuable tool for both live performances and studio recordings, where a rich and dynamic sound is desirable.
SEE ALSO: How to Tune a Baritone Ukulele
Comparisons to Other Instruments
The sound of the liliʻu is sometimes compared to other stringed instruments that use doubled strings, such as the 12-string guitar or the mandolin. Like these instruments, the 6-string ukulele offers a unique blend of harmony and resonance that can enhance a wide range of musical styles.
Famous Artists
The 6-string ukulele has been embraced by numerous artists and featured in various famous songs. Its distinctive sound has made it a popular choice for musicians seeking to add a unique element to their music.
Jake Shimabukuro
Jake Shimabukuro, a renowned ukulele virtuoso, has been known to experiment with different ukulele configurations, including the liliʻu. His innovative playing style and willingness to push the boundaries of the instrument have helped to popularize the 6-string ukulele among contemporary musicians.
Israel Kamakawiwoʻole
Israel Kamakawiwoʻole, affectionately known as “Iz,” is another iconic figure in the ukulele world. While he is most famous for his rendition of “Somewhere Over the Rainbow” on a standard 4-string ukulele, his influence has encouraged many players to explore different ukulele types, including the liliʻu.
Conclusion
The ukulele is an instrument rich in history and cultural significance, with the 6-string variant, known as the “liliʻu,” standing out for its unique characteristics. Pioneered by Sam Kamaka Jr. in 1959 to commemorate Hawaiʻi’s statehood and honor Queen Liliʻuokalani, the liliʻu offers a fuller, more complex sound than its 4-string counterpart. Its tuning, with doubled C and A strings, provides harmonic richness and versatility, making it a valuable tool for musicians seeking a robust texture in their performances and recordings. The influence of artists like Jake Shimabukuro and Israel Kamakawiwoʻole has further popularized this intriguing instrument, ensuring its place in the diverse and evolving world of ukuleles.
