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What is a Hang Drum? Structures, Impacts & How to Play

by Madonna

The hang drum, often referred to as a “handpan” in modern contexts, is a unique musical instrument that blends percussion and melody into one harmonious form. It is known for its ethereal soundscapes, portability, and visually striking design. Unlike traditional drums, which are primarily used for rhythm, the hang drum offers a melodic dimension that has captivated musicians and listeners worldwide.

The Origins of the Hang Drum

The hang drum was first invented in the year 2000 by Felix Rohner and Sabina Schärer, founders of PANArt, a company based in Bern, Switzerland. The name “hang” comes from the Bernese German word for “hand,” highlighting the way the instrument is played. While the hang drum resembles a steel drum in appearance, its design and sound are inspired by instruments like the steelpan, Ghatam, and Udu.

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Rohner and Schärer combined their knowledge of steelpan construction with acoustical research to create this innovative instrument. They initially categorized the hang drum as an idiophone, meaning it produces sound primarily through its vibration, without requiring strings or membranes.

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How Does a Hang Drum Work?

The hang drum consists of two connected, concave metal hemispheres made from nitrided steel. The top part, known as the “ding,” features a central note (the “ding note”) surrounded by eight or more tone fields, each tuned to specific pitches. The bottom side, often referred to as the “gu,” has a single hole that contributes to the resonance and sustain of the instrument.

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The sound is produced by striking or tapping the tone fields with the fingers, palms, or other parts of the hand. Unlike traditional drums that require drumsticks, the hang drum relies on the subtle interplay of touch and pressure to produce its unique tonal qualities.

The Unique Sound of the Hang Drum

What sets the hang drum apart from other percussion instruments is its ability to produce rich, resonant tones that combine rhythm and melody. Its sound is often described as meditative, hypnotic, and otherworldly. Each tone field produces a fundamental note as well as harmonic overtones, creating a layered and immersive listening experience.

Musicians often use the hang drum for therapeutic purposes, meditation, and performances that require a calming and intimate atmosphere. Its versatility also allows it to fit into various musical genres, from world music to contemporary experimental compositions.

Design and Variations

While the original hang drum was created by PANArt, the term “hang drum” has become a colloquial way to refer to handpans in general. There are now numerous manufacturers and variations of the instrument, each with slight differences in design, tuning, and material.

Shape and Size

Most hang drums are compact, with diameters ranging from 20 to 24 inches. This makes them highly portable compared to traditional drums like the djembe or conga.

Tuning Systems

The tuning of a hang drum varies widely. Popular tunings include D minor, Celtic scales, and pentatonic scales. Musicians often choose a scale based on their preferred musical style or the emotional atmosphere they want to create.

Materials

Modern hang drums are crafted from a variety of metals, including stainless steel and nitrided steel. These materials are chosen for their durability, resistance to corrosion, and ability to produce long-lasting resonance.

How to Play a Hang Drum

Playing the hang drum is an intuitive and expressive process. Here’s a step-by-step guide:

Positioning the Drum

Place the drum on your lap, a soft stand, or a flat surface. Ensure the “ding” side is facing upward.

Using Your Hands

Use the pads of your fingers or palms to gently strike the tone fields. Avoid hitting too hard, as the instrument is designed for delicate touch.

Creating Rhythms and Melodies

Explore different combinations of strikes to create rhythmic patterns and melodies. Use the central “ding note” as an anchor and build your composition around it.

Incorporating Dynamics

Experiment with varying the pressure and speed of your strikes to add dynamics and emotion to your performance.

Cultural Impact of the Hang Drum

Since its invention, the hang drum has gained popularity across the globe. Its unique sound and aesthetic appeal have made it a favorite among street performers, yoga instructors, and world music enthusiasts. The instrument has also found a place in sound therapy, where its soothing tones are used to reduce stress and promote relaxation.

Additionally, the hang drum has inspired a growing community of makers and players. Online forums, workshops, and festivals dedicated to the hang drum have emerged, providing platforms for enthusiasts to connect, share techniques, and celebrate the instrument.

The Rise of Handpans

While PANArt discontinued the original hang drum in 2013, the legacy of the instrument lives on through handpans. These instruments are crafted by various manufacturers worldwide, each bringing their own innovations to the design. Some notable brands include:

  • Halo by Pantheon Steel
  • Spacedrum by Metal Sounds
  • Ayasa Handpans
  • RAV Vast Drum (a related instrument with a unique design)

These handpans expand on the original concept, offering a broader range of tunings, materials, and customization options.

Buying a Hang Drum

Purchasing a hang drum or handpan requires careful consideration, as these instruments can be expensive and vary greatly in quality. Key factors to keep in mind include:

Price

High-quality hang drums typically range from $1,500 to $3,000 or more. While budget-friendly options exist, they may lack the tonal clarity and craftsmanship of premium models.

Tuning

Choose a scale that resonates with your musical goals. Popular options include major, minor, and exotic scales.

Manufacturer Reputation

Research the maker’s reputation by reading reviews, watching demonstrations, and consulting with other musicians.

Material and Finish

Consider the type of steel and finish, as these impact durability, resonance, and resistance to weather conditions.

Conclusion

The hang drum is more than just a musical instrument; it is a gateway to creative expression and emotional connection. Its unique blend of rhythm and melody, coupled with its portability and enchanting sound, has made it a favorite among musicians and enthusiasts alike. Whether you are a seasoned percussionist or a beginner exploring the world of handpans, the hang drum offers endless possibilities for artistic exploration.

By understanding its origins, design, and playing techniques, you can fully appreciate the beauty and versatility of this extraordinary instrument.

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